{"id":248,"date":"2020-01-19T21:47:51","date_gmt":"2020-01-20T04:47:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0111\/?p=248"},"modified":"2020-01-21T15:28:41","modified_gmt":"2020-01-21T22:28:41","slug":"tappa-in-practice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0111\/tappa-in-practice\/","title":{"rendered":"TAPPA in Practice"},"content":{"rendered":"

Through TAPPA (Target, Accomplishment, Past, Prototype, Artifact) Moore (2013) offers a path for instructional designers to follow which he asserts will allow them to<\/span> create prototypes at a faster rate than possible though other design m<\/span>odels<\/span>. Theses other <\/span>design<\/span> models include ADDIE (Molenda, 2003) and the Dick and Carey Model (Dick, 1996), <\/span>and <\/span>are in<\/span> fact the models in which key principles of TAPPA are grounded. Where TAPPA <\/span>diverges <\/span>from it <\/span>origins<\/span>, is in the 4<\/span>th<\/span> phase, the Prototype phase. It is here where Moore argues that<\/span> the elements common to the aforementioned models; evaluation, development, and design, can be combined into a <\/span>single<\/span> step, the Prototype phase. He describes how condensing and combing these elements is what will allow for the ‘rapid prototyping’ unique to TAPPA (Moore, 2016).<\/span><\/p>\n

Moore <\/span>lauds the advanta<\/span>ges of rapid prototyping; that instructors <\/span>will be able to create and test <\/span>prototype efficacy with actual learner feedback throughout the course of instruction in a given class, and can then <\/span>select<\/span> which <\/span>elements<\/span> to repeat, or which elements require tweaking, before testing the solution again in a subsequent class. <\/span>As an<\/span> <\/span>Instructor<\/span> reading about this condensed prototype phase, I was <\/span>waiting<\/span> to read about what sort of structures existed within this phase that would make this cyclical type of prototype development feasible <\/span>at an instructional level. I was unable to identify any such structures, or parameters which might make this process manageable. Instead, what I did read about was how an unreasonable amount of expectation would be placed on the <\/span>instructor<\/span> during this particular phase of TAPPA model to <\/span>evaluate<\/span> and revise various instructional solutions. I couldn’t help but reflect on how distracting this could potentially be from the many other aspects of instruction. <\/span>Furthermore<\/span>, during a process like this, it seems as though specific <\/span>learning<\/span> solutions might be <\/span>available<\/span> to some learners in a course but <\/span>then<\/span> not others in the same course (unless the solutions <\/span>were<\/span> successful in the first run). <\/span>Moore argues that this type of iterative design process is <\/span>beneficial<\/span>, and <\/span>allows<\/span> for multiple designs to be created and tested simultaneously. However, <\/span>exactly how this iterative process can be managed at the instructional level, and whether the costs to learners during this type of instructional experimentation are worth it, requires further delineation.<\/span><\/p>\n

In theory, Moore makes a <\/span>compelling<\/span> case for the benefits of rapid prototyping. <\/span>In practice however, <\/span>instructors<\/span> may require more direction or clarity on how to manage these <\/span>processes<\/span> in the midst of their other instructional responsibilities. Students should be apprised as to the model of design that they are embedded in and integral to, and may or may not wish to participate in this type of experimentation.<\/span><\/p>\n

References<\/span><\/p>\n

Molenda, M. (2003). In search of the elusive ADDIE model. Performance Improvement, 42(5), 34\u201337.<\/span><\/p>\n

Moore, R. L. (2016). Developing distance education content using the TAPPA process. TechTrends, 60(5), 425\u2013432.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dick, W. (1996). The Dick and Carey Model: Will it survive the decade? Educational Technology Research and Development, 44(3), 55\u201363.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Through TAPPA (Target, Accomplishment, Past, Prototype, Artifact) Moore (2013) offers a path for instructional designers to follow which he asserts will allow them to create prototypes at a faster rate than possible though other design models. Theses other design models… Continue Reading →<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lrnt524"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0111\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0111\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0111\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0111\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0111\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=248"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0111\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":250,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0111\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248\/revisions\/250"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0111\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=248"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0111\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=248"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0111\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=248"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}