{"id":375,"date":"2020-11-18T03:01:12","date_gmt":"2020-11-18T11:01:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0160\/?p=375"},"modified":"2020-11-18T03:01:12","modified_gmt":"2020-11-18T11:01:12","slug":"exploring-design-models","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0160\/exploring-design-models\/","title":{"rendered":"Exploring Design Models"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right\">Photo by <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@lucasgwendt?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Lucas George Wendt<\/a> on <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/s\/photos\/pencil?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Unsplash<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Tony Bates once wrote:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;Teachers, instructors and faculty are facing unprecedented change, with often larger classes, more diverse students, demands from government and employers who want more accountability and the development of graduates who are workforce ready, and above all, we are all having to cope with ever-changing technology. To handle the change of this nature, teachers and instructors need a base of theory and knowledge that will provide a solid foundation for their teaching, no matter what changes or pressures they face.&#8221; (2015c, para. 1)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>To further build on Bates&#8217; narrative on coping with the educational classroom&#8217;s ever-changing landscapes and the proliferation of emerging technology to keep up with daily. More than ever, teachers and learners need a carefully designed learning environment with sound pedagogy, well structured, with clear learning objectives for successful teaching and learning experience. Thus, it is essential to take the time to select a design model to encapsulate accessible content, meaningful activities, authentic assessments, and meet all learning outcomes. G\u00f6ksu et al., (2017) pressed upon the importance of planning and arranging instructions to ensure quality in education as instructional design leads to better and more effective teaching.<\/p>\n<p>Before selecting a design model, here are a few foundational aspects to consider, according to Dousay (2018):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li>What is the delivery format?<\/li>\n<li>Will the instructions be synchronous online, face-to-face, asynchronous online, or a combination of both?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Additionally, the first stage of the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate) model is the most crucial stage to analyze, determine design decisions and what innovations are needed or required. As Bates (2015a) outlines, this analyzing stage to identify the variables, such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li>What are the learner characteristics?<\/li>\n<li>Learner&#8217;s prior knowledge and skills?<\/li>\n<li>Are resources available?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Moreover, in my experience as an instructional designer, we also need to consider the course&#8217;s shelf life to maximize the investment of time and cost. As such, the ADDIE model is the default model of choice for most course developers. However, the experienced course developers or teachers who are confident in their teaching practice, independent, and willing to take risks (Bates, 2015b) may decide to use a flexible design model, such as the Agile or ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence and Satisfaction) model.<\/p>\n<p>Lastly, Dousay (2018) reminds us that deciding which model to use does not need to be an overwhelming or cumbersome process, as long as the &#8220;designer can<br \/>\nalign components of an instructional problem with the priorities of a particular model; they will likely be met with success through the systematic process.&#8221; (p.7)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>References:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bates, A. W. (Tony). (2015a). 4.3 The ADDIE model. In <em>Teaching in a Digital Age<\/em>. Tony Bates Associates Ltd. https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/chapter\/6-5-the-addie-model\/<\/p>\n<p>Bates, A. W. (Tony). (2015b). 4.7 \u2018Agile\u2019 Design: Flexible designs for learning. In <em>Teaching in a Digital Age<\/em>. Tony Bates Associates Ltd. https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/chapter\/6-10-agile-design-flexible-designs-for-learning\/<\/p>\n<p>Bates, A. W. (Tony). (2015c). About the book \u2013 and how to use it. In <em>Teaching in a Digital Age<\/em>. Tony Bates Associates Ltd. https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/front-matter\/introduction\/<\/p>\n<p>Dousay, T. A. (2018). Instructional Design Models. In <em>Foundations of Learning and Instructional Design Technology<\/em>. EdTech Books. https:\/\/edtechbooks.org\/lidtfoundations\/instructional_design_models<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6ksu, I., \u00d6zcan, K. V., Cakir, R., &amp; G\u00f6ktas, Y. (2017). Content analysis of research trends in instructional design models: 1999-2014. <em>Journal of Learning Design<\/em>, <em>10<\/em>(2), 85. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5204\/jld.v10i2.288<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Photo by Lucas George Wendt on Unsplash Tony Bates once wrote: &#8220;Teachers, instructors and faculty are facing unprecedented change, with often larger classes, more diverse students, demands from government and employers who want more accountability and the development of graduates who are workforce ready, and above all, we are all having to cope with ever-changing [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":177,"featured_media":382,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-375","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lrnt524"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0160\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/375","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0160\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0160\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0160\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/177"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0160\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=375"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0160\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/375\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":383,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0160\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/375\/revisions\/383"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0160\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/382"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0160\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=375"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0160\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=375"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0160\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=375"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}