{"id":381,"date":"2021-11-21T07:30:59","date_gmt":"2021-11-21T15:30:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0202\/?p=381"},"modified":"2021-11-21T07:30:59","modified_gmt":"2021-11-21T15:30:59","slug":"selecting-design-models-searching-for-the-ogopogo-of-instructional-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0202\/selecting-design-models-searching-for-the-ogopogo-of-instructional-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Selecting Design Models: Searching for the Ogopogo of Instructional Design"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I am going to take a moment to be honest and admit that, upon the commencement of this course, I felt out of my element and rather anxious about my perceived gap in knowledge and understanding of Instructional Design (ID) models. However, as I navigated through the course readings, I came to realize that instructional design has been embedded in my practice all along. Wi<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">thout consciously labelling what I do every day, many elements of instructional design and ID models have become automatic components of best practices in my classroom teaching. Certainly I have made good use of a number of ID models including: Universal Design for Learning (UDL), Response to Intervention (RTI), Understanding by Design (UbD), Bloom\u2019s Revised Taxonomy, Webb\u2019s Depth of Knowledge (DoK), and Problem Based Learning (PBL).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The reality of K-12 education is that there are many factors and conditions that are out of the average teacher\u2019s control. The content we teach is mandated by our provincial governments. Our audience is a group of students designated by geographical location to a particular school building. In the building, students are sorted into groups based on chronological age. The number of students in our classes is determined by funding provided by provincial governments (my biggest class this year has 37 middle schoolers in it!). A plethora of unique educational needs, mental health struggles, socio-economic disparities, religious beliefs, cultural diversity, and more, exists within each group of students. Students access content and skills in a number of different areas all day long. At any given time a student might be figuring out how to calculate unit rates, 30 minutes later be exploring the themes of a short story, and an hour after that playing a rousing game of volleyball. Although this might lead one to believe that K-12 education is a relatively inflexible environment in which innovation has a small role, I have come to realize how important it is to think outside of the box and take advantage of opportunities to be creative. I have learned that it is okay to step away from tradition or the \u2018normal\u2019 way of doing things in order to best reach learners. Yes, there is much that a K-12 teacher encounters that is out of their control, however; it is possible to think innovatively and design learning experiences that are rich and engaging.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Engaging<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in this professional reflection while also pondering what I have learned so far in LRNT 524 prompted me to determine a number of considerations to take into account when designing learning experiences. I was particularly impacted by Brown and Green\u2019s \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/go.openathens.net\/redirector\/royalroads.ca?url=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs12528-017-9164-y\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Beyond teaching instructional design models: exploring the design process to advance professional development and expertise\u201d<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Parchoma et. al\u2019s \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www-tandfonline-com.ezproxy.royalroads.ca\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/07294360.2019.1704693\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Designing for learning in the Yellow House: A comparison of instructional and learning design origins and practices<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Bates\u2019s <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teaching in the Digital Age<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and Heaster-Ekholm\u2019s \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/ijedict.dec.uwi.edu\/viewarticle.php?id=2882\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Popular instructional design models: Their theoretical roots and cultural considerations<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201d, and want to give credit to these researchers for leading me to these thoughts regarding selecting ID models:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Who or what is at the centre of the learning experience? Content or the learner?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What are the designer\u2019s beliefs about the nature of knowledge? Which epistemology does the designer subscribe to? Behaviourist, cognitivist, constructivist?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Related side-note: Does the content determine the epistemology? Bates (2015) argues that when it comes to the best way to help people acquire knowledge \u201cthe basis of that belief will vary, depending on the subject matter, and, in some areas, such as social sciences, even within a common domain of knowledge\u201d (2.2.1, para. 1).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Who are the learners? Where are the learners? What are their strengths? What are their struggles?\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What biases or beliefs does the designer have? What biases or beliefs might the learners have?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How much risk does the designer want to take? Is the designer more comfortable working with tried-and-true frameworks and processes, or would the designer rather take the road less travelled?\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What resources and tools are available to the designer? What resources and tools is the designer permitted to use?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How will the designer know the learning experience has been successful?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reflective action by the designer prior to beginning the process of design is essentially important, and it should be acknowledged it is unlikely anyone will find the elusive, ideal, one-size-fits-all ogopogo of instructional design models. As <a href=\"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0221\/examining-instructional-design-models-what-have-i-been-doing\/\">Paula (2021)<\/a> so perfectly states \u201cas I continue on the readings, I am further of the opinion that no one design model is \u201cbetter\u201d than another, and that a combination of factors must be considered when choosing the model that is most appropriate for the task or problem at hand\u201d (para. 3), and I cannot agree more.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>References<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bates, T. (2015). <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teaching in a Digital Age: Guidelines for Designing Teaching and Learning<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. BCcampus.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Brown, A. H., &amp; Green, T. D. (2018). <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/go.openathens.net\/redirector\/royalroads.ca?url=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs12528-017-9164-y\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Beyond teaching instructional design models: exploring the design process to advance professional development and expertise.<\/span><\/a> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 30<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(1), 176-186.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Heaster-Ekholm, K. L. (2020). <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/ijedict.dec.uwi.edu\/viewarticle.php?id=2882\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Popular Instructional Design Models: Their Theoretical Roots and Cultural Considerations<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">International Journal of Education and Development Using Information and Communication Technology, 16<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(3), 50\u201365.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Insell, P. (2021, November 17). Examining Instructional Design Models\u2026 What have I been doing!. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">My MALAT Journey: An Educational Blog by Paula Insell<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0221\/examining-instructional-design-models-what-have-i-been-doing\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0221\/examining-instructional-design-models-what-have-i-been-doing\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parchoma, G., Koole, M., Morrison, D., Nelson, D., &amp; Dreaver-Charles, K. (2020). <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www-tandfonline-com.ezproxy.royalroads.ca\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/07294360.2019.1704693\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Designing for learning in the Yellow House: A comparison of instructional and learning design origins and practices<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Higher Education Research &amp; Development, 39<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(5), 997\u20131012.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I am going to take a moment to be honest and admit that, upon the commencement of this course, I felt out of my element and rather anxious about my perceived gap in knowledge and understanding of Instructional Design (ID) models. However, as I navigated through the course readings, I came to realize that instructional [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":201,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-381","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lrnt524"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0202\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/381","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0202\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0202\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0202\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/201"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0202\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=381"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0202\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/381\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":386,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0202\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/381\/revisions\/386"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0202\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=381"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0202\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=381"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0202\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=381"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}