{"id":247,"date":"2021-05-30T20:32:44","date_gmt":"2021-05-31T02:32:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0219\/?p=247"},"modified":"2021-09-06T10:07:41","modified_gmt":"2021-09-06T16:07:41","slug":"unit-4-activity-1-dles-in-rural-areas-of-canada","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0219\/unit-4-activity-1-dles-in-rural-areas-of-canada\/","title":{"rendered":"Unit 4: Activity 1 (DLEs in Rural Areas of Canada)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><b>Authors: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ben Chaddock and Myrna Pokiak<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We would like to start by bringing our thoughts to the 215 children who were forced to attend a residential school in Kamloops, BC, never to return home again (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/flags-lowered-residential-school-victims-1.6046152\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">CBC News, 2021<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">). This heart-breaking news is another reminder of the dark history of Canada\u2019s maltreatment of First Nations peoples. The Residential School system will forever tarnish the history of our country, as well as other maltreatments of the First Nations people across this great land.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The last Residential School closed in 1996 (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/digitaldetox.trubox.ca\/digital-detox-5-the-harm-was-always-there\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gray, 2021<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">), but the healing will take generations. We would like to acknowledge that for many Dene, Metis, and Inuit peoples, the current school system continues to be a reminder of the pain and grief caused by past governments and religious organizations. During this most difficult moment, we can only wish that the spirits of the children find their way home, and the world takes notice to ensure such things never happen again. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In today&#8217;s post, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0206\/2021-05-30\/\">Ben<\/a><\/strong> and I explore the challenges surrounding the application of digital learning technology in rural communities. We decided to explore these challenges in the context of Canadian rural communities including the far North.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">There are many challenges facing Canadians in our rural communities. With regards to education and the advent of digital technologies, there is a mix of positive and negative impacts. We have accumulated a list of these impacts and summarized the key notes below. If our goal is to aim towards a future where as many Canadians as possible have access to the tools and resources they need to achieve their personal, professional, and community goals, then our ability to communicate our needs and carefully allocate our resources will contribute to achieving this equality of access in due time. In the meantime, great awareness needs to be taken by our education leaders to maximize the experience of our current student body.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><b>Positive Impacts &#8211; things that are going well:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">Attending educational programs from home communities<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">In areas where internet capacity is adequate, students can remain in the comfort of their home or community environment and participate in educational programs.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">This can be very helpful for children\u00a0 who still rely heavily on their parents, or need support in balancing their academic studies with the rest of their day-to-day activities.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For example, remote learning students were able to get more sleep, reduce chatter or bullying, lower the stakes and focus on the development of the whole student, and discover the power of self-pacing and self-determination (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/edut.to\/3yR4ChG\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fleming, 2020<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teaching in Canada\u2019s Far North is greatly challenging, however the number of schools has increased since 2017, from 7 to 20 institutions (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ece.gov.nt.ca\/en\/services\/education-renewal\/northern-distance-learning\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ECE, n.d.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">).\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Northern Distance Learning (NDL) program uses a blend of online and in-person high-school classes to help students access a greater variety of courses (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ece.gov.nt.ca\/en\/services\/education-renewal\/northern-distance-learning\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ECE, n.d.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">).\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">At From East Three secondary school in Inuvik, NWT, classes of up to 20 students can participate at a time (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ece.gov.nt.ca\/en\/services\/education-renewal\/northern-distance-learning\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ECE, n.d.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">).<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Student success rates are promising (about 70% credit acquisition rate), and are made possible by strong relationships between students, teachers and administrative staff (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/k12sotn.ca\/nt\/nwt-northern-distance-learning-program\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">K12 SOTN, n.d.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">). The NDL illustrates how distance learning can help fill a need in the community given the right tools and resources.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">Expand cross-cultural connection<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Khoo (2019) frames digital learning not as a commodity, but as an aspect of a gift economy, whereby learners can interact and build connections with students and teachers outside their immediate social and cultural groups (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">).<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><b>Negative Impacts &#8211; things that need more attention:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">Limited Infrastructure:\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Currently, only 45% of rural Canadians have access to high speed internet (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fcm.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/resources\/report\/broadband-access-rural-canada.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Broadband Fund, 2021<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">).\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Two financial projects have been announced to help bridge this gap, \u201cthe federal government\u2019s $1.75-billion Universal Broad-band Fund and the CRTC\u2019s $750-million Broadband Fund (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.macleans.ca\/society\/technology\/the-pandemic-has-exposed-canadas-internet-problem\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Brownell, 2021<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">).\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, Byron Holland, chief executive of CIRA suggests that $6-$12 billion is actually needed (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.macleans.ca\/society\/technology\/the-pandemic-has-exposed-canadas-internet-problem\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Brownell, 2021<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">).\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">This situation is attracting interest from large players in the communications sector, who are using this situation as a consolidation powerplay.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For example, \u201cRogers, one of the country\u2019s largest service providers, recently promised to create a $1-billion fund to increase connectivity in remote, rural and Indigenous communities if its proposed takeover of Shaw Communications is allowed to go through\u201d (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.macleans.ca\/society\/technology\/the-pandemic-has-exposed-canadas-internet-problem\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Brownell, 2021<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">).\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although digital infrastructure and broadband capacities have improved, consumers continue to increase their reliance on digital technologies. If consumer needs and use of the internet remain stable, then hardware infrastructure and broadband capacity may have a chance of catching up; however, until then, there will be a lag since current capacity already lags behind consumer need (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/sudbury\/internet-service-northern-ontario-politics-disonnect-1.5779733\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">White, 2020<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">).<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">Slow Internet Speeds\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">We\u2019ve prepared two interactive maps that readers can use to view internet speeds in Canada.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">MAP 1 (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ic.gc.ca\/app\/sitt\/bbmap\/hm.html?lang=eng\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">National Broadband Internet Service Availability Map<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">MAP 2 (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/performance.cira.ca\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">CIRA &#8211; Internet Performance Test<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2019, a BCC Toronto article also illustrated the large number of northern communities that rely on satellite for internet access (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-49415867\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Levinson-King, 2019<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">).<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Educators may not be aware of the internet speeds of their students and this may cause challenges for the students (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">High cost of internet<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The price and quality standard of internet access is also different in northern Canada (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For example, the internet provider Northwestel is currently able to provide 150 GB\/month for $129 dollars. This is an improvement however, with Northwestel offering\u00a0 just 100GB\/month for the same price back in 2018. In comparison, that same year, Bell Canada offered Toronto customers unlimited monthly data for $50 a month <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-49415867\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(Levinson-King, 2019<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">).<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Nunavut territory is the only region of Canada without access to fibre internet. To reach the Canadian household average data usage, a Nunavut household would have to spend $7,000 annually, approximately 5-6 times more than the average (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">Cultural<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To maximize the use of online learning technologies, greater attention needs to be placed in areas of curriculum design to \u201crespect and build on aboriginal ways of learning. In fact, that might also benefit non-indigenous learners as well\u201d (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">).\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is in our nation\u2019s best interest to create opportunities that maximize the creative and intellectual capacity of the peoples of this land. As more and more Canadians are required to use the internet for personal, professional, and educational activities, increasing access to the digital landscape will help us maximize the value each Canadian can share with their community (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/191029\/dq191029a-eng.htm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Canadian Internet Use Survey, 2019<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">). Improved internet infrastructure will aid in this goal. Until then, support for programs that blend online tools with in-person learning will help young Canadians reach their academic goals. With regards to educational design, administrators need to strongly consider the needs and limitations of our rural learners and incorporate alternatives into curriculum structure and assessment resources.\u00a0 For example, eLearning programs should include access to printed materials. Moreover, digital tools should be used as a supplemental resource, not a replacement for professional and caring teachers in each community. Using a combination of communication and consideration, together, we can innovate and build towards an educational experience that helps all Canadians reach their creative potential (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><b>References<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bates, T. (2019, March 3) Why are there few online programs in Canada\u2019s Far North? <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Broadband Fund<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (2021, March 19). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Canadian Radio and Television Communication: Broadband Fund Closing the Digital Divide Canada<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Retrieved May 30, 2021, from <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Brownell, C. (2021, April 8). The pandemic has exposed Canada\u2019s internet problem. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Maclean\u2019s<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Technology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Canadian Internet Use Survey.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (2019, October 29). Statistics Canada. Retrieved May 30th, 2021, from <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/191029\/dq191029a-eng.htm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/191029\/dq191029a-eng.htm.<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Education, Culture and Employment. (n.d.) <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Northern Distance Learning<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Government of Northwest Territories. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Flags on federal buildings to be lowered in memory of Kamloops residential school victims. (2021, May 30). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Canadian Broadcast Corporation: Politics<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fleming, N. (2020, April 24) <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Why Are Some Kids Thriving During Remote Learning? <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Edutopia.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edut.to\/3yR4ChG\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/edut.to\/3yR4ChG.<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gray, B (2021) <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Digital Detox 5: The Harm Was Always There. <\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gray, B (2021) <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Digital Detox 6: Build Back Better. <\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Internet Performance Test<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (n.d.) CIRA. Retrieved May 30th, 2021, from <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/performance.cira.ca\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/performance.cira.ca\/<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ISED National Broadband Internet Service Map<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (2021, March 25). Government of Canada. Retrieved May 30th, 2021, from <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ic.gc.ca\/app\/sitt\/bbmap\/hm.html?lang=eng\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.ic.gc.ca\/app\/sitt\/bbmap\/hm.html?lang=eng<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Khoo, Su-Ming. (2019, April 11). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Openings: bounded (in) equities: entangled lives<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> [Youtube Video]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">K12 State of the Nation. (n.d.) <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">NWT Northern Distance Learning Program<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. State of the Nation. <\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Latour, J. (2018, August 23). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Canada\u2019s north deserves a better internet<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. CIRA. <\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Levinson-King, R. (2019, September 9). Huawei heats up the battle for internet in Canada&#8217;s north. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">BBC News Toronto<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-49415867\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-49415867.<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tranter, E. (2021, January 24). Deeply disturbing: Nunavut internet is still slower, more costly than rest of country. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">CTV News<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">White, E. (2020, October 20). After decades of promises for better northern internet, progress has been made \u2014 and the promises keep coming. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Canadian Broadcast Corporation: Sudbury<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Authors: Ben Chaddock and Myrna Pokiak We would like to start by bringing our thoughts to the 215 children who were forced to attend a residential school in Kamloops, BC, never to return home again (CBC News, 2021). This heart-breaking news is another reminder of the dark history of Canada\u2019s maltreatment of First Nations peoples. &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0219\/unit-4-activity-1-dles-in-rural-areas-of-canada\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Unit 4: Activity 1 (DLEs in Rural Areas of Canada)&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":213,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-247","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lrnt521"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0219\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/247","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0219\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0219\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0219\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/213"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0219\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=247"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0219\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/247\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":248,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0219\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/247\/revisions\/248"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0219\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=247"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0219\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=247"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/malat-webspace.royalroads.ca\/rru0219\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}