Design Thinking Process – LRNT 524 – Assignment 1A
Stuart Reed and Adam Romano
What did the Design Challenge reveal?
Through gaining empathy and digging deeper in our design challenge, a scenario which would benefit from a new learning environment emerged in one of our working situations. A context where an aging workforce impart key job related skills verbally to novice staff provided an opportunity for the implementation of an innovative online based training program.
Deeper questioning revealed that senior staff desire to share their skills and leave the company in good hands, but felt they had no effective way to share important skills due to schedule and location challenges. Junior staff embodied a passion to learn and advance in the company, but felt disadvantaged by a lack of direction on how to apply the skills they were hired for, as well as how to bridge the gap of essential skills they are lacking.
Insights anticipated a large spread of technological literacies among staff, which could provide challenges with engagement as well as when encouraging intellectual risk, as staff may be required to participate in the development of learning materials. Suggestions during ideation in the design challenge included utilizing mobile devices to film experienced staff performing tasks, creating quick reference guides to aid in bridging technological gaps, as well as limiting length of videos in awareness of cognitive overload.
Solution Building
A new Video Learning Library (VLL) concept was proposed. The platform would be a component within the organization’s broader learning environment. The VLL would utilize a streaming video service to house short training videos that would demonstrate how to complete specific tasks. The videos would be user generated, and recorded by staff using company provided cell phones. This follows an empathetic co-design process that pulls from the expertise within the organization (Mattelmäki, Vaajakallio, & Koskinen, 2014). This allows the more experienced staff to share their knowledge and allows the company to retain corporate memory that would otherwise be lost as an aging workforce begins to retire. It feeds a passion expressed by senior staff to teach and mentor new employees, providing them with more confidence that the company will be in good hands when they step away.
Junior employees will have the opportunity to search, watch, comment on, and use the demonstration videos on-demand. Key workplace skills gained could help minimize the time it takes to complete tasks in the field, and having access to on demand streaming videos will help them gain confidence in the workplace. This platform will also help to support a rapid prototyping learning environment, allowing “ongoing review, evaluation and revision in collaboration with teachers and even students” (Thomas, 2010, p. 192).
Limitations
Technology Literacy
The employees with the most interest in sharing their knowledge may not have the skills needed to record videos. To mitigate this, contributors would be provided with instructions on how to use company provided phones to record videos, and a central resource in the office would provide editing services to finalize the videos.
Participation by Junior Staff
To encourage junior staff to share their own videos, even with limited experience at the company, incentive programs would be rolled out to reward contributions to the VLL.
Incorrect Demos
Some employees may be performing tasks incorrectly. To prevent the videos from being shared with incorrect information they will be curated and reviewed by both experienced staff, as well as central resource to check for validity.
Feedback Loop
In order to encourage feedback, comments will be allowed and moderated on the streaming video service. This will help the contributors improve over time, creating a collaborative environment.
References
Mattelmäki, T., Vaajakallio, K., & Koskinen, I. (2014). What Happened to Empathic Design?. Design Issues, 30(1), 67-77. doi:10.1162/DESI_a_00249
Thomas, P. Y. (2010). Towards developing a web-based blended learning environment at the University of Botswana (Doctoral dissertation).
Please be our critical friends!
December 1, 2017 at 8:12 am
This is an interesting approach to what is becoming a common workplace issue—the loss of skill, and could prove useful in many situations.
I do have some questions regarding the limitations that you cited:
1. Do you know that the older staff are unable to capture video with their phone, or is that an assumption? I would think that this situation would need to be approached carefully, so as not to offend your skilled workers.
2. If I were to assume myself to be a mature worker in your environments (which I would be), the idea of offering some sort of incentive program to the junior staff to participate would be very disturbing. I don’t think it’s a circumstance where there’s a valid reason to reward different segments of the work population based on their age, and may be discriminatory.
3. Your idea of having experienced staff to curate and review the content is a great idea. That way, you’d have a central clearinghouse for review, edit, and curation activities.
December 8, 2017 at 9:44 am
Hi Donna,
1) You are totally right. We plan to encourage those with more tech savvy to mentor others. This hopefully will happen organically, and we can’t predict who will be better with the tools for sure.
2) Again, a very valid point. We have actually removed the incentive system from our next iteration, as research also shows that intrinsic motivation with regards to workplace training is much stronger than any extrinsic incentive-based system.
Thanks for your comments!
December 1, 2017 at 2:26 pm
Hello Stuart and Adam,
You bring up a very relevant topic; the aging work force and how to impart job related skills to a novice staff that lack essential skills!
Your solution is very forward thinking. I love the idea of having a catalogue of “short” videos that junior staff could access. You mention that the videos would be moderated on a streaming video service. Would anyone be able to access these videos? If so, have you considered any privacy laws that may have to be addressed? When you were brainstorming your solution did the attributes of the junior learners come in to play?
Your post does not mention what type of skills are being catalogued, therefore, it is difficult to ascertain if creating a video is the best tool. For example, if the industry is an office environment and the skill you wanted to capture was how to complete a budget in Excel, an interactive tool such as Camtasia would be better suited. If the industry is a trade and you wanted to demonstrate how to use a drill press, a video would be appropriate. I would be interested to know more about the type of skills your solution would be applied to.
Excellent post and a simple solution to a complex problem that many organizations are facing. Well done!
Sue
December 8, 2017 at 9:48 am
Hi Sue,
We’re glad you like the idea of ‘short’ videos. We all know how overloaded we can get if they’re too long!
Our materials will be housed internally, and privacy is paramount. They will definitely undergo an editing process, and many will incorporate elements from multiple contributors.
Our industry is trades based, so hence the VLL idea.
Thanks for your contribution!
December 9, 2017 at 6:51 am
Hello Stuart and Adam,
Thank you for your response. This is a practical solution to a real world problem! The videos will capture skills and preserve skills that are disappearing with a generation. They will also appeal to the new generations short attention span and can be reviewed repeatedly to cement learning.
Well done!
December 1, 2017 at 6:28 pm
Hi Stuart & Adam!
I think that the problem you express is shared throughout industry! The military went through it about 10 years ago when we had a very large bubble of personnel retire and a large influx of new personnel (without a lot of people left in the middle). Like you we had a system based primarily on OJE and mentorship which was not sustainable due to the large number of mentors leaving and large number of new personnel coming in. I think you have come up with a really interesting way of capturing knowledge as well as making people feel valued.
I am definitely interested in hearing more about your solution. Would topics for the videos be assigned to specific individuals or would individuals be free to make a video on any topic? I wonder if you would end up with multiple videos on certain things and no videos on other things? I’m also wondering if this video library would replace onboarding or if it would just be used by established personnel wanting to learn more?
Also, I think the idea of the board to verify the processes are demonstrated correctly is very good, but how would you deal with the personnel that submitted the videos in these instances. They are doing the process incorrectly, so I am assuming they would need to receive feedback on this? Would this potentially discourage people from submitting videos as it would place them in a situation where they were volunteering to be evaluated?
How would you deal with quality issues of the videos themselves? Would you edit/voiceover the videos to ensure the training was structured appropriately (proper introduction, body, summary)?
This was a common problem, but I found the ideas you brought up were very interesting and definitely considered the emotions, motivations and requirements of the people involved. Thank you for sharing!
Lorri
December 8, 2017 at 9:57 am
Hi Lorri,
We don’t plan to require certain staff to contribute, but will request (not require) that certain people contribute should gaps emerge in content.
We haven’t really discussed how this may replace on boarding content, but my feeling is that is my be used to complement, not replace.
Videos and other learning content may include a mix of material from different sources, as well as incorporating text, voice over and other multimedia.
We also plan to have extensive tutorials on how to use tools, as well as encouraging peep mentorship with using tools.
Thanks again for your comment!
December 2, 2017 at 10:59 am
Hi Adam and Stuart!
I really enjoyed reading your post I think it was very well organized. This is a problem we also face in our collage. I think your solution is great and it is an excellent way to capture the experience and knowledge of our senior staff. I personally have encountered confusion when I started teaching a course for the first time, and I wished there were more instructions and feedback available from our senior instructors to help me design my lesson plans and common technology issues I could face in my class. I have a couple of question and I appreciate your feedback on them:
1. With the technology moving so fast and software getting updated, would you consider an expiration date for the videos so they will get archived after for example 5 years? if not, how did you address this issue?
2. Would the junior staff be able to also post videos to offer their knowledge and expertise? Since they could have many good tips and information to offer all staff based on their prior training or education.
Looking forward to reading your response. Great job!
December 8, 2017 at 10:01 am
Hi May,
We have considered how to archive videos, and how updating may occur. We utilize a peer review cycle, where videos will be reviewed after an allocated period of time. If the content or quality is not up to standard, it will then be replaced.
Junior staff will absolutely be encouraged to contribute. We do though see them more as an important informer of what content needs to be created, as well as what types of materials will best engage and educate them.
Thanks again!
December 2, 2017 at 11:03 am
Hello Stuart and Adam.
Thank you for your post. As others have described in their comments, I agree that many workplace environments face the challenge of losing intellectual capacity as their experienced employees retire. For example, I recently read in the British Columbia Labour Market Outlook: 2017 Edition that 70 per cent of job openings in British Columbia over the next ten years will result from people leaving the workforce, mostly due to retirement. I am intrigued by your proposed solution of developing a VLL that could act to support organizations in preparing to fill this gap.
Similar to your findings, senior staff in our organization do want to share their leading practices to support on-going professionalism in the organization after they retire. As you highlighted in your post, location is a challenge that we face, as we have over 100 small offices in our region, each of which employs one senior staff member who is tasked to lead, train and develop their team in relation to organizational priorities. I wonder if your proposed solution could work in an organization where there are multiple locations across a wide geographic area? If so, how could your VLL account for and leverage regional differences in best practices and procedures? If the VLL uncovered substantial regional differences, how could the VLL support senior staff to share, ideate and iterate on the best practices of their fellow experienced colleagues?
One aspect that you describe in your Limitations section that resonated with me was the Feedback Loop. In my experience, misunderstandings can happen when participants communicate through text-based interactions, as text-based interactions lack tone and body language to provide added context. I wonder if you would provide guidelines for participation to help ensure the development of a safe and positive learning environment and to encourage participation? Perhaps you plan to incorporate this into the instructions that you provide, but I’d love to learn a bit more.
In my environment one challenge I see is gaining and maintaining buy-in from the Executive and Board to support the on-going management and monitoring of the VLL. Doing so could require a substantial investment, both in the initial financial investment (cell phones, central resource for editing and curating, etc.) and in organizational capacity to support it. In order to sustain funding in the budget, I wonder if you have any ideas around how could you determine and measure success of the program so as to demonstrate its value to the organization?
The VLL you propose is a great idea and one that I will consider spearheading in my workplace. The limitations you describe do need consideration and I look forward to hearing more from you both.
Thanks for sharing!
Source: Find a copy of the BC Labour Market Outlook: 2017 Edition here:
https://www.workbc.ca/getmedia/66fd0e7c-734e-4fcb-b1a6-0454862525a6/BC_Labour_Market_Outlook_2017_Edition_Nov_2017.PDF.aspx
December 8, 2017 at 10:07 am
Hi Karen,
Thanks for your thoughtful, insightful comments. Our company actually is quite large and geographically diverse. We do plan to create a database to bridge geographic gaps, as well as to create site specific divisions. Encouraging peer feedback and collaboration on material can also help to utilize resources. We also plan to create a database of instructional and tutorial videos (with other multimedia) so that standards are clear and methods for using tools are clearly explained.
As far as measuring success, I would hope productivity and increased ability of junior staff to complete more complex tasks at work could help us to measure that.
Thanks again!
December 2, 2017 at 5:03 pm
Hey guys!! I can’t see what I’m typing, it’s showing up in white font. I don’t understand what is happening.
I guess I will post my only question: why cell phones? I would imagine the video would be a little clunky?
December 8, 2017 at 10:08 am
Hi Krista,
Cell phones are easy to bring to the job site, and hopefully quite easy to use to film tasks in the moment. They may prove a bit clunky, but we plan to integrate voice overs and other elements to complement them.
Thanks for your comment!
December 2, 2017 at 6:29 pm
Hi Adam and Stuart!
I really enjoyed reading your post and I think it was very well organized. This is a problem we also face in our college. I think your solution is great and it is an excellent way to capture the experience and knowledge of our senior staff. I personally have encountered confusion when I started teaching a course for the first time, and I wished there were more instructions and feedback available from our senior instructors to help me design my lesson plans and common technology issues I could face during the course. I have a couple of question and I appreciate your feedback on them:
1. With the technology moving so fast, would you consider an expiration date for the videos so they will get archived after for example 5 years? if not, how did you address this issue?
2. Would the junior staff be able to also post videos to offer their knowledge and expertise? Since they could have many good tips and information to offer all staff based on their prior training or education.
Looking forward to reading your response. Great job!
December 3, 2017 at 11:05 am
Stu and Adam,
Like Lori and Donna before me, your solution is a fascinating idea to help challenge the gap we face in our professions – our colleagues who move on and take their “suitcase” of skill and knowledge with them. This solution is demonstrating empathy for the new professionals coming in and honoring those who are leaving. The idea of a video library as a resource for staff is a viable solution. I am sure like Krista and me, you had great difficulty in limiting your thoughts to 500 words, and I am sure that some of this may have been discussed and thought about among you two!
I have a few wonderings in the curator of the VLL, will they dictate what should be documented and kept? Will there be a catalog of needed skills? Or perhaps a list of the must-watched-videos for new staff? Like Lorri, I wonder about the quality of the videos (how to help without offending or assuming that people know or don’t know). Will there be a ‘template’ of how the videos should be organized or standardized?
This solution is not a small feat and kudos to you to find a possibility to meet several people involved needs. My interest is piqued. 🙂
B
December 8, 2017 at 10:11 am
Hi Bobbi,
A must watch list of videos, especially for new staff is a great idea. We do also plan to work on key competencies for specific jobs, and to use that to aid in our suggested videos and skills to be developed therein.
We also plan to have lots of video tutorials for how to use the technology and structure content, as well as utilizing the knowledge and savvy of our staff to peer mentor and instruct. This may help savvier junior staff to help the senior ones with key skills expertise to work together.
December 3, 2017 at 12:31 pm
Hi Stuart and Adam,
While not coming from a corporate setting myself, I can imagine how useful having a VLL can be (especially for the trades). I’m wondering whether your management of incorrect demos would be a deterrent for some more senior employees to upload. In many workplaces there are specific procedures to do things, but often some more seasoned workers may find ways to complete a task that is more efficient (but may not be following the book line by line). I think there is an opportunity for renewal of procedure with a VLL, but I’m not sure how staff would look at it. Thoughts?
George
December 8, 2017 at 10:15 am
Hi George,
I would agree that the experienced senior staff have lots of offer with regards to efficient methods for completing tasks. We plan to re-configure our training based on this hands on knowledge. We also plan to include as much useful video footage as we can, but to combine content into final products. We can also use voice over to help deal with videos that lack audio quality.
Thanks for your thoughts!
December 3, 2017 at 1:35 pm
Hi, Stuart and Adam
Subject Matter Experts (SME’s) and the transferring of knowledge to new and less experienced employees have hit close to home, with all the layoffs and economic slowdown out here in Alberta, one of the biggest issues I see is the loss of experience and transfer of knowledge to younger employees. While working in Siberia Russia, one of the biggest complaints was in regard to the passage of information. The lead hands-on location were all expats and felt “if you know what I know, you will replace me”, however, I built an structured learning (Job progression) pathway which outlined courses and procedure needed to move up the ladder or even to different job postings within the company alleviating the fear of losing one’s job by being replaced by a subordinate to wanting to help train someone into your position so that you can advance or gain respect in the position held. One topic covered was the value of the passage of info and knowledge learned from experience, all of which ties nicely into the VLL concept you are proposing. I like the way the VLL’s would be reviewed and checked, plus can see an advantage in even adding voiceovers or added type for multi-lingual applications if needed within your company.
Thanks, Klaus
December 8, 2017 at 10:18 am
Hi Klaus,
Thanks for your comments. We hope that this system can not only help staff to gain in key workplace relevant skills which can lead to a promotion, but also to create an inclusive and collaborative learning environment, where everyone is helping everyone else for the greater good. We feel that the junior staff are a really useful resource as well, as they may have useful ideas on how the learning materials are developed, as well as key skills gaps.
Voice overs are a great idea, and definitely will be added to our design.
December 3, 2017 at 1:49 pm
Stu and Adam, thank you for a great post. I certainly think this is a great way to bridge the gap between more junior learners and adult learners. However, some questions have arose while I was reading your post. I am wondering if you have thought about how you will motivate your adult learners to participate in the VLL? For some learners who fear asking questions or fear being on video, etc.. This may leave out some of the adult learners in the workplace. I certainly appreciate how you indicated you would support those learners who are not tech-savvy which is a great step to gaining trust within the learning community. I wonder if you have thought about other methods of support for those who lack the confidence to use this method? Also, I wonder if you have thought about content management and how may that help or hinder the project? For example, the time it takes to create the videos, edit the videos, post the videos and ensure that staff are watching the videos? Just some food for thought but a fantastic idea as it would also engage everyone to know what others are responsible for in the workplace.. this could open up lots of opportunities for further education and empower employees to perhaps learn what is involved in other roles within the company.
December 8, 2017 at 10:24 am
Hi Andrea,
Thanks so much for your ideas. We have addressed issues of content management and motivation as part of our next iteration.
We plan to have an internal editing group who will receive, modify and add to learning materials. The hope is to combine materials from different contributors, as well as to add in elements such as images and voice over. We also plan to use rapid prototyping to make changes as materials are ‘experienced’ by learners.
Video and face to face tutorials and peer mentoring hopefully will help build confidence, as well as to use the greater savviness of staff to help each other. We hope that by being supportive that an environment of commenting and contribution will ensue.
December 3, 2017 at 3:57 pm
Thanks for this fascinating post. You have surfaced an interesting scenario in which there might be an inherent power relationship – junior and senior staff and their various roles, responsibilities, and experiences. I think we need to give ourselves grace that design thinking is just one of many processes – and it is an emergent process that is gaining traction. Needs assessments, strategic planning, usability focus groups are also processes. However, one of the reason I like design is the potential to hold the space for divergent thinking and honour participant voice. Curious if you think you would have surfaced the same challenge if you had used a different process? Also, we need to remember that we are typically “clumsy” in our attempts with anything new … thanks for this clear post!
Susan
December 8, 2017 at 10:28 am
Hi Susan,
Thanks so much for your ideas. Dealing with the power struggle is definitely something that we have addressed in our next iteration. Holding space for divergent thinking and honouring participant voice is key to our success, as we hope to use rapid prototyping and a participatory model to utilize expertise and feedback to create an engaging learning system.
I’m not sure if we would have come up with this without using the design process. To an extent we would have, but I think elements of it such as the ‘insight’ section really opened us up to new and novel methods for sure.
December 5, 2017 at 8:56 pm
Hello Stuart and Adam,
Being myself an early-retirement successful candidate, I could not relate more with the picture you describe. The company I worked for at the time did not have a program like yours nor a VLL obviously. The number of staff being offered the option to retire was not small so the headcount was being significantly reduced, and some positions filled with young and eager professionals although lacking experience.
Several peer candidates of the exit process got together, and created a consulting firm to offer the ex-employer consultancy services backed by many years of accrued knowledge of the business. The consultancy services were not necessarily aimed to train or coach the novice employees, but rather to compensate the lack of know-how of the newcomers. A program like yours would save a company from paying invoices to consultants, being those departed staff or not. I never saw the figures of the invoices but I do not think they were modest.
You mention the participation of Junior Staff including incentives. I would add to this that videos showing how a young individual successfully applies the old experience in the job deserve special recognition, because they not only ensure continuity of skills at work but also demonstrate the results of the program itself.
Congratulations and cheers!
Alfonso
December 8, 2017 at 10:30 am
Hi Alfonso,
I really like your idea of using videos of junior participants completing tasks that they were unable to do before ‘studying’ in this program. This is a fantastic way to show its success to new learners sceptical about it. ‘measurable’
Thanks again.