Thomas (2010) states, “The medium does not dictate the design” (p.185). As we use the medium of instructional design models and theories, one must ask, are we, as teachers and instructional designers, becoming too beholden to our structure? Thomas’ statement resonates with Bates’ criticism of the ADDIE (Analyse, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate) model of instructional design, “My main criticism though is that the model is too inflexible for the digital age” (Bates, 2014).
Whether we find ourselves talking about technology or content, the environments that many of our students find themselves in are rapidly changing. Thomas (2010) goes on to state, “Traditional design models prescribe rigid methods regardless of the contextual differences in that it assumes each learner learns in the same way; as a result, strategies prescribed by the teacher expect every learner to learn the same thing in the same way at the same time in the decontextualized classroom environment” (p.231).
While it is an easy fix to set up structures and models and treat them as a panacea, we must always have in the back of our minds that those we are designing the learning for are not structured and fixed models. Our students are not static like these models; but dynamic, each one individual with their learning styles, personalities and baggage. We must always keep this in mind, whether we are in front of a class or sitting down to design an activity.
As we consider our students and their diversity, we must always carry their uniqueness to the front of our mind and consider it in our design process. Our students are not static, nor are they the same. Shouldn’t our design and instruction reflect that?
References
Bates, T. (2014, September 9). Is the ADDIE model appropriate for teaching in a digital age?[Blog post].
Thomas, P. Y. (2010). Learning and instructional systems design. In Towards developing a web-based blended learning environment at the University of Botswana. (Doctoral dissertation).

November 17, 2018 at 4:36 pm
Hi Chad!
Great post – The quote from Thomas regarding rigid design models and assumptions being made about learners despite changing contexts really resonates with me. When I teach simulation, there are certain learners that need prompting in different ways, some that need more realistic cues or scenarios to engage in the process. I am fairly constrained to a national curriculum and a provincial instructional design; however, I am always looking for ways to respond to individual learner needs in my courses. Norman, Dore and Grierson’s work (2012) does not support using higher-fidelity (read: fancier technology) simulation equipment with better outcomes, and the hospital budgets would often do not allow for more expensive equipment anyways. I know through reading your blog and Tweets that you have been experimenting with new methods and design in your classes, I am hoping you may be willing to share some of the ways you have explored responding to your learners’ needs and applying it to your design strategy? Perhaps there are some common elements I could consider adapting for healthcare training.
Thank you, Christy
References:
Norman, G., Dore, K., Grierson, L. (2012). The minimal relationship between simulation fidelity and transfer of learning. Medical Education, 46(7), 636-647.
November 19, 2018 at 5:39 am
Hi Christy,
I can totally resonate with feeling constrained by a curriculum. The ITA (industry training authority) mandates the curriculum and there is little to no flexibility. We also face the budgetary issues. What I have been doing is looking for free tools that can be used in the classroom. A couple of tools that I am seeing success with:
Google Slides: I have the students break into groups of 4. I then provide them with a copy of a slide deck that has prompts in it. These are basically topic headers. I tell them that by the end of the unit they will have created their own textbook. I tell them to use the class textbook and the internet to fill in the blanks. They are to have an image per slide and one video that they create. This has taken away my lectures but has increased my interaction with the class. There are still times I need to get up on the board to clarify some of the more tricky points but I am amazed at how the students can figure out even the more technical points.
Pear Deck: This is a free add-on to google slides. It allows the presentation to be more interactive. When I do lecture I put up a pear deck slide asking them if they all understand. The students log into the presentation and can answer questions anonymously. It is a great tool for getting the pulse of the class as I teach.
Most of the new things that I have been trying have been the result of listening to a ton of podcasts. If you’d like I can provide you with a list of the podcasts that have been most influential.
Chad