Posts by Nicole


Photo by UX Indonesia on Unsplash Understanding and using a design-thinking process is a learning innovation that emerged over five decades ago. According to Dam and Siang, design thinking concepts were discussed in an early book by Herbert A. Simon as early as 1969 and incorporated concepts such as observation, prototyping and testing (2022). To investigate this innovation further, I will define the design-thinking process and...

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“FLL Small, Medium, & Large Trophies” by dluders is licensed under CC BY 2.0. Evidence suggests that digital badges still pose a degree of uncertainty when it comes to evaluating the effectiveness of learning performance, according to recent research by Newby and Cheng (2019). When we think or discuss digital badges, they are primarily associated with micro-credentials; in fact, when I conducted several scholarly...

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Critiquing Design Models

Critiquing Design Models


Posted By on Dec 3, 2022

Photo by DeepMind on Unsplash When considering the role of learning outcomes in instructional design, the first question that came to mind was: are learning outcomes a necessary component of instructional design? Gustafson and Branch (2002) state that all instructional designs should incorporate six characteristics: Instructional design is learner-centered: Learner and his/her performance are the focal points.Instructional design is...

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