Critical academic reflection for May 7-13 (yes, I’m behind)

As part of feedback I received on my academic paper outline, Dr. Irwin DeVries encouraged me to give myself “some room to explore a little more freely” (personal communication, May 2018).  I am going to apply his feedback to my blog and do a bit of uncensored freewriting for this post.

Where to start? I feel like I am behind in this course because I have been overwhelmed working on three instructional design projects for my clients simultaneously. But I am obviously learning something from LRNT526 because I just finished creating a full-day training course that applied the concept of critical inquiry, which is what this course is about.

While creating a training course, I realized having learners create their own learning materials (job aides, checklists, etc.) is not only aligned with constructivism, self-directed learning, and critical inquiry but also is extremely convenient in a time crunch. (I had just five days to create the course from start to finish.)

Preparing a learning plan and outline as part of a larger deliverable for LRNT526 has shown me the practical value of taking time to reflect before moving forward. I have been introduced to critical reflection in other courses, but this is the first time I have had the chance to practice it mindfully in real-life. I spent all day Monday reviewing content inputs and my previous MALAT readings to decide on the instructional design approach I would take, and I am so happy with the results. I hope my clients will be too when I present the course for their sign off tomorrow.

So, what does the training course I created have to do with curated video libraries and digital learning modalities? Absolutely nothing. The course I created will be delivered entirely face-to-face, and given the short turnaround, creating educational videos and getting sign-offs was not possible. That said, what I learned about learner engagement as part of my research into educational video has proven valuable, both professionally and academically.

I struggled initially to settle on a grounding learning theory for my academic paper, so I ended up going down a bit of a rabbit hole and spent a few (very enjoyable) hours reading a variety of articles about learning theories that support learner engagement.

The articles were not documented in my learning plan, and not all of them will make it into my final paper, but out of genuine curiosity, I found myself digging into the connection between learner engagement and interaction, the interaction equivalency theorem, situated learning, transactional distance, self-directed learning, and learner control.

One quote in particular stood out to me:  “effective learning environments are framed within the convergence of four overlapping lenses” (p.47, Anderson, 2006). Those lenses are community-centred, knowledge-centred, learner-centred, and assessment-centred (Anderson, 2006). I realized in my exploration of educational videos as a learning modality, and my focus on learner engagement in particular, I was taking a very learner-centred approach.

In my readings, I also returned to the debate between Kozma (1994) and Clark (1994). They debated whether the medium itself influences learning or whether the choice of how to use media (aka instructional design decisions) influence learning. I do not think the debate was ever fully resolved, as both authors made valid points, but as I conclude this post, I cannot help but notice my discussion of educational video as a learning modality spent less time reflecting on the medium and more time on its supporting theories.

My freewriting has come to an end. My apologies for the long post, but as Blaise Pascal has been attributed as saying, “I have made this longer than usual because I have not had time to make it shorter” (translation by Quote Investigator, 2o12).

References

Anderson, T. A. U. (2006). Towards a Theory of Online Learning. In T. Anderson (Ed.), The Theory and Practice of Online Learning (2nd ed., Vol. 2006, pp. 195–215). Edmonton: Athabasca University.

Kozma, R. B. (1994). Will Media Influence Learning? Reframing the Debate. Educational Technology Research and Development, 42(2), 7–19.

Clark, R. E. (1994). Media will never influence learning. Education Technology Research and Development, 37, 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02299046

QuoteInvestigator (2012). If I Had More Time, I Would Have Written a Shorter Letter. Retrieved from https://quoteinvestigator.com/2012/04/28/shorter-letter/

What impact does video length have on learner engagement?

In exploring educational video, I am curious how using video for educational purposes might affect engagement of adult learners. To narrow my scope, I have chosen to focus on one specific aspect of educational video and learning engagement

How might video length and other time-based instructional design approaches affect adult learner engagement with asynchronous educational videos in a corporate digital learning environment?

I recently finished reading a top 10 New York Times nonfiction bestseller, “When: The Scientific Secrets of Perfect Timing” by Daniel Pink (2018), which influenced my decision to focus on engagement factors related to when rather than what. My question was further informed by my experience with educational videos to date, as both a learner and an instructional designer. Below is a brief critical reflection on these experiences, following the ORID (objective, reflective, interpretive, decisional) critical reflection model (Write Online, 2015).

As a learner, I have mostly watched educational videos by searching how to complete tasks on Youtube, arguably the most well-known video-sharing site in Canada. Search results are variable in quality but ultimately provide me with the information I am looking for when I need it. As a learner, I am occasionally frustrated by the lack of relevant search results and the amount of time spent searching for the right piece of information. However, I am usually gratified once I find the video I am looking for, which makes the effort worthwhile. I have learned to overlook long-winded introductions and to skip through content to locate and absorb the information I need. While Youtube is a great place to find a wealth of information, I would love to discover more curated video library sites that serve a similar purpose but are more personalized to my interests.

As an instructional designer, I have created educational videos using screencast technology to demonstrate software tasks for adult learners in a corporate environment. These videos are typically played during instructor-led sessions and are sometimes accessible to learners following the session. I feel a constant tension between producing quality videos that contribute to learner satisfaction and producing “good enough” videos that lead to desired learning outcomes but perhaps not the highest learner satisfaction. Over time, I have learned shortcuts that allow me to maximize resources; these shortcuts have improved the videos I produce while also requiring less effort. Now that I am proficient in creating screencasts, I need to make sure I do not become complacent. Technology continues to evolve, and I need to make a point of evolving with it or risk having my technical skills become outdated.

References

Write Online (2015). Reflective Writing. Retrieved from http://writeonline.ca/reflective-essay.php?content=section4

 

TEDdy Bears explore animation in a Ted-Ed curated video series

Screenshot, Ted-Ed curated video series. Retrieved from https://ed.ted.com/series/?series=animation-basics.

Our team (Adam, Amber, Katie, and Stu) has selected the curated video library as a modality to explore, and we’ve chosen a series of Ted-Ed videos on animation for our instance. Our group had limited experience with Ted-Ed, so it represents a free, easily accessed resource that we can all participate in without preconceived judgments in place. Each member of our team works in the private sector and is interested in the implications related to video-based learning within our various profit-centric industries. We chose an animation series as it will allow us to evaluate our modality through the lens of a new or novice learner to a certain topic.

Background reading

With a diverse selection of video-based learnings to choose from, learners from all over the world are motivated to use video-based learning in their everyday lives. Learner engagement with video is simple, and the content is accessible and relevant to anything from daily tasks to academic challenges (Maniar, Bennett, Hand, & Allan, 2008).

From changing a spare tire at home through the use of YouTube, to gaining skills that can be certified by vendors such as Coursera, the world is quickly building micro-learning resources in the form of videos.

A quick glance through academic literature and additional web sources demonstrated that a significant amount of research has been done on this subject. From previous courses, we know studies have been conducted since the first deployment of video-based learning through government-sponsored educational television broadcasts (Reiser, 2001). Since then, each new advancement in technology has helped learners and creators evolve the way we learn with this technology. The opportunity to explore this research and begin to synthesize and develop answers to our own questions is both appealing and educational.

Here are a couple of resources we have found that may prove useful in our exploration:

What questions we will pursue

Our curiosity in this field is high. While we have more exploration to do before we can decide what specific questions we plan to answer, some of the topics we may investigate include:

  • Understanding the true value proposition of video-based learning and asking “why is this a better modality than others?”
  • Understanding the cognitive-load implications of the multi-screened environment we occupy
  • Uncovering the barriers that may or may not exist as a result of screen sizes
  • Exploring the design theory behind the production of a video
  • At what point quality distracts or detracts from the learning experience.
  • What drives the validity and benefits, as well as the challenges of video-based learning.
  • Exploring the effect of closed captioning and voice-over narration on cognitive load.
  • Uncovering the differences in retention when differing modal combinations are used.

References

Maniar, N., Bennett, E., Hand, S., & Allan, G. (2008). The effect of mobile phone screen size on video based learning. JSW, 3(4), 51-61.

Reiser, R. A. (2001). A history of instructional design and technology: Part I: A history of instructional media. Educational Technology Research and Development, 49(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02504506